Individual Differences in Substance Use Motives, Trauma, and Stress Among College-Based Polysubstance Users.

Background: Co-use of alcohol and other drugs within a certain time frame (i.e., polysubstance use) has become increasingly prevalent, particularly among college-aged individuals, but understanding motives for co-use remains limited. Polysubstance use has been associated with a higher likelihood of negative health consequences as compared to single substance use. Objectives: The current study examined associations between motivations for using alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis among college students who use multiple substances versus students using only one substance or no substances. Additionally, we examined the effect of trauma and daily stress on polysubstance use in self-report data from individuals (N=134) participating in the MAPme Study. Results: First, the observed prevalence of polysubstance use was greater than expected by chance, with most individuals co-using alcohol and cannabis. "Alcohol and Other Drug Users" were more frequently motivated to drink for social (ß=0.27, CI=[0.07, 0.44]), enhancement (ß=0.26, CI=[0.01, 0.42]) and coping (ß=0.21, CI=[0.06, 0.47]) reasons compared to individuals who consumed alcohol alone. Conclusions: Individual differences in motivations for use were partly explained by frequency of alcohol use and alcohol problem severity, but not by history of trauma or stress. Finally, while patterns of correlations among motivations for use across substances suggested a general tendency to be motivated to use substances for similar reasons, this was not supported by confirmatory factor models. Overall, shared motives may inform potential behavioral patterns for co-use of substances during college and might advise future treatment efforts.

Emerging adults tend to use multiple substances, particularly alcohol and cannabisCorrelation patterns suggest shared motives within rather than across substancesAlcohol problem severity and alcohol frequency predict motives for use.

Sleep, Alcohol and Cannabis Use in College Students With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Background: Relations among attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), sleep, and substance-related negative consequences are largely unknown. In this cross-sectional study, we examined associations among ADHD diagnosis, sleep, and alcohol-related consequences. We also evaluated the independent and interactive effects of sleep and ADHD on alcohol-related negative consequences, above and beyond levels of alcohol use. Methods: College students who drink alcohol with (n = 51) and without (n = 50) ADHD completed an assessment that included a diagnostic interview assessing ADHD, and questionnaire measures of sleep quality, substance use, and associated consequences. Analyses utilized a series of hierarchical linear regression models and explored these aims for cannabis use in a subset of participants (n = 52 participants that used cannabis). Results: College students who drink alcohol with ADHD reported significantly worse sleep quality and more alcohol-related consequences, relative to those without ADHD. When ADHD and sleep quality were included in the model, ADHD-but not sleep quality-was independently associated with alcohol consequences, but not cannabis consequences. There were no moderating effects of ADHD on the associations between sleep and substance-related consequences. Conclusions: Students who drank alcohol with ADHD may be particularly vulnerable to experiencing poor sleep and consequences from their substance use, compared to their heavy drinking peers without ADHD. Future, larger scale studies should consider longitudinal effects as well as underlying mechanisms of risk.

How Do Gain-Loss Frames and Cultural Arguments Persuade? Designing Effective Messages to Weaken College Students' Binge-Drinking Intentions.

To design effective health messages, this study investigates the effects of gain-loss framing and relevant moderating effects in the context of college students' alcohol use. Specifically, based on an online experiment, we tested the moderation effects of message-sidedness and binge-drinking behaviors using a mediation model in which the association between gain-loss framing and behavioral intentions is mediated by attitudes toward binge-drinking. Four hundred thirty-four Korean college students participated in this study. Hayes' PROCESS Macro for SPSS was employed for the analysis. The results show that loss-framing significantly increased participants' unfavorable attitudes toward binge-drinking in the one-sided message condition. Moreover, attitudes toward binge-drinking were more significantly associated with behavioral intentions to binge-drink among heavy drinkers than among non-heavy drinkers. Our findings suggest important theoretical and practical implications for the development of message-framing strategies in health campaigns designed to prevent college students' binge-drinking in collectivistic societies where the cultural meaning of drinking extends beyond the individual realm to the larger social context.

College Students' Day-to-Day Maladaptive Drinking Responses to Stress Severity and Stressor-Related Guilt and Anger.

BACKGROUND: Stress is a common part of college students' daily lives that may influence their physical activity (PA) and alcohol use. Understanding features of daily stress processes that predict health behaviors could help identify targets for just-in-time interventions. PURPOSE: This study used intensive longitudinal data to examine whether prior day stress processes predict current day PA or alcohol use. METHODS: Participants (N=58, Mage=20.5, 59% women, 70% White) were 18-to-25-year-old students who engaged in binge drinking at least twice monthly and used cannabis or tobacco in the past year. They wore activity (activPAL4) and alcohol (Secure Continuous Remote Alcohol Monitor) monitors for 11 days to assess daily PA (e.g., step counts) and alcohol use (e.g., drinking day), and completed daily surveys about yesterday's stress, including number of stressors (i.e., frequency), stressor intensity (i.e., severity), and frequency of affective states (e.g., guilt). Multilevel models examined prior day stress predicting current day PA or alcohol use. RESULTS: Participants had higher odds of current day drinking (odds ratio=1.21) and greater area under the curve (B=0.08) when they experienced greater than usual stress severity the prior day. Participants had higher current day peak transdermal alcohol concentration (B=0.12) and area under the curve (B=0.11) when they more frequently experienced guilt due to stressors the prior day. CONCLUSIONS: College students' unhealthy response of increasing alcohol use due to stress could adversely impact health outcomes. There is a critical need for interventions addressing students' ability to effectively manage and respond to the stress-inducing, daily demands of student life.

College students experience stress regularly, which may influence their physical activity (PA) and drinking behaviors. Understanding how daily stress predicts health behaviors could be useful for stress-reduction interventions. This study examined whether prior day stress predicted current day PA or alcohol use. Participants (N = 58) were 18- to 25-year-old college students who binge drank at least twice per month and used cannabis or tobacco in the past year. They wore PA and alcohol sensors for 11 days to assess daily PA and alcohol use, and completed daily surveys about yesterday's stress, including the number of stressors experienced (i.e., frequency), stressor intensity (i.e., severity), and mood responses related to stress (anger, anxiety, guilt, sadness). Participants were 21% more likely to drink and drank at higher intensity when they experienced greater than usual stress severity the prior day. Participants had higher current day alcohol use intensity when they more frequently experienced guilt due to stressors the prior day. College students' unhealthy response of increasing alcohol use due to stress could negatively impact short- and long-term health outcomes. There is a critical need for interventions addressing students' ability to effectively manage and respond to the stress-inducing, daily demands of student life.

Alcohol demand in college students: The roles of athletic involvement and gender.

College student-athletes represent a high-risk group for heavy alcohol consumption and negative alcohol-related consequences. Although college drinking correlates with access to low-cost alcohol, no study has examined demand, or the relationship between price and consumption, in student-athletes. Furthermore, the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and drinking to cope motives in student-athletes suggest athlete-specific risks of alcohol consumption that have not yet been examined in conjunction with demand. Therefore, the present study examined gender differences in alcohol demand, alcohol consumption, and anxiety and depressive symptoms in student-athletes (n = 118) and nonathletes (n = 78) at three colleges/universities. Participants completed the Alcohol Purchase Task and measures of alcohol-related behaviors and mental health. Observed demand indices including intensity (i.e., consumption at zero price), Omax (i.e., maximum expenditure), Pmax (i.e., price associated with Omax), and breakpoint-1, or BP1 (i.e., highest price of nonzero consumption) were calculated at the individual level. The rate of change in demand elasticity (i.e., decrease in consumption relative to price increases) was calculated at the group level. Overall, students reported lower alcohol consumption at higher alcohol prices, but men reported higher alcohol consumption and demand intensity than women, student-athletes reported higher Omax than nonathletes, and student-athletes reported lower depressive symptoms than nonathletes. These findings support reducing access to low-cost alcohol in college drinking environments as a harm-reduction strategy, particularly for high-risk student populations, such as men and those involved in athletics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Intolerance of Uncertainty, Negative Reinforcement Alcohol Use Motives, and Hazardous Drinking in College Students with Clinically Elevated Worry.

Background: Hazardous drinking has remained high for college students in recent years, and individuals who endorse drinking to cope with emotional distress or to conform socially report higher levels of alcohol use. Intolerance of uncertainty, a core process underlying generalized anxiety disorder, has been linked to negative reinforcement drinking motives; however, no research, to date, has examined the role of intolerance of uncertainty in terms of alcohol use motives and hazardous drinking among individuals with generalized anxiety disorder. Objective: The current study was designed to examine the relationships between intolerance of uncertainty, coping and conformity alcohol use motives, and hazardous drinking in an analogue generalized anxiety disorder sample. Methods: Participants were 323 college students (Mage = 19.25, SD = 2.23, Range = 18-40) who endorsed past-year alcohol use and clinically elevated levels of worry. Self-report measures were completed online for course credit. Results: Partially consistent with our hypotheses, uncertainty paralysis predicted greater levels of coping motives, but not conformity motives. Desire for predictability did not predict either drinking motive. Mediation analyses revealed that there was a significant indirect effect of uncertainty paralysis on more hazardous drinking through greater coping motives. Conclusion: Overall, these findings highlight the potential utility of targeting behavioral inhibition due to uncertainty to reduce unhealthy coping via alcohol use and subsequent hazardous alcohol use.

An exploratory factor analysis of an e-CHUG drinking motives scale with mandated students.

OBJECTIVE: Colleges maintain alcohol policies in response to student alcohol misuse, and sanctions for violating these policies often mandate students to attend alcohol education and/or counseling (Anderson & Gadaleto, 2021). Electronic Checkup to Go (e-CHUG) is a widely used online motivational intervention program that provides feedback to college students to encourage them to alter their drinking behaviors (eCheckup to Go, 2021). While measures included in e-CHUG have clear clinical utility, their psychometric properties have not been evaluated. The present study was designed to evaluate the factor structure and validity of the 18-item drinking motives scale included in the intervention. METHOD: Participants were 3,546 students from a large public university who were mandated to complete e-CHUG (58% male, MAge = 19.06, SDAge = 1.35) between 2013 and 2021. Students completed a battery of measures, including questions regarding alcohol consumption, drinking motives and consequences, and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). RESULTS: An exploratory factor analysis was conducted to investigate the structure of the drinking motives scale. Two factors were retained: The first factor represented coping motives, and the second factor represented a mixture of enhancement and social motives. Hierarchical regression analyses explored the associations between the retained drinking motives factors and alcohol-related variables. Both coping motives and enhancement/social motives positively and uniquely predicted drinking consequences and AUDIT scores. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides support for the construct and incremental validity of e-CHUG's drinking motives measure and could have important implications for the consideration of drinking motives during e-CHUG interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

An example of implementing a safety protocol in remote intervention and survey research with college students.

INTRODUCTION: This article draws attention to the need for open evaluation and reporting on safety protocols in survey and intervention research. We describe a protocol for responding to those who indicate increased risk of self-harm (i.e. suicidality or potentially lethal alcohol use) as an example and report on the outcome of our procedures. METHODS: Participants were first-year college students (n = 891) participating in an intervention trial for binge drinking. We describe the protocol, provide descriptive outcomes, and examine whether participant sex, attrition, or study intervention condition were related to endorsing items that indicated risk for suicidality or potentially lethal alcohol use. RESULTS: Of the 891 participants, 167 (18.7%) were identified as being at risk in one or more study wave. Of those, we were able to successfully contact 100 (59.9%), 76 (45.5%) by phone, and 24 (14.4%) by email. Of those 100, 78 accepted mental health resources as a result of outreach. Participant sex, attrition, and intervention condition were not related to risk. DISCUSSION: This article may aid other research teams in developing similar protocols. Strategies to reach an even greater proportion of high-risk participants are needed. A body of literature documenting published safety protocols in research and the associated outcomes would help to identify opportunities for improvement.

An Analysis of Social and Coping Alcohol Use Motives for College Students with Autistic Traits.

Background: Little is known about alcohol use among college students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), despite the increasing prevalence of college students with this diagnosis and/or with no formal diagnosis but who would meet criteria. Of concern, previous research suggests that individuals with ASD may be particularly vulnerable to the coping and social facilitation effects of alcohol use. Objectives: The present study examined the associated between autistic traits and alcohol use motives (social, coping, conformity, enhancement) in a sample of college students. Symptoms of social anxiety were assessed as a moderator and thought to enhance the associations between autistic traits and social and coping motives. Results: Findings revealed that both autistic traits and social anxiety were significantly and positively correlated with coping and conformity drinking motives. Additionally, a significantly negative correlation emerged between autistic traits and social drinking motives for participants with low social anxiety, and a similar pattern emerged for enhancement drinking motives. Conclusions: These findings suggest that college students with autistic traits may experience daily encounters or emotions that are alleviated by the mood-altering effects of alcohol; however, the specific feelings, emotions, or experiences that these individuals are looking to seek relief from remain understudied.

A mobile-based pregaming drinking prevention intervention for college students: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: Pregaming is among the riskiest drinking behaviors in which college students engage, often leading to elevated blood alcohol levels and negative alcohol-related consequences. Yet, tailored interventions to reduce risk associated with pregaming are lacking. The present study was designed to develop and evaluate the efficacy of a brief, mobile-based intervention targeting heavy drinking during pregaming among college students, called Pregaming Awareness in College Environments (PACE). METHOD: PACE was developed using two innovations to facilitate behavior change: (a) a mobile-based application to increase intervention accessibility and (b) personalized pregaming-specific intervention content delivered using a harm reduction approach with cognitive behavioral skills training. After development and ß-testing, we employed a randomized clinical trial with 485 college students who reported pregaming at least once per week in the past month (Mage = 19.98; 52.2% from minoritized racial and/or ethnic groups; 65.6% female). Participants were randomly assigned to PACE (n = 242) or a control condition website (n = 243), which consisted of general information about the effects of alcohol. Analysis assessed intervention effects on pregaming drinking, global drinking, and alcohol-related consequences at 6 and 14 weeks postintervention. RESULTS: Although participants in both conditions reduced drinking, small and significant intervention effects favoring PACE were found at 6-week follow-up for overall drinking days, pregaming days, and alcohol-related consequences. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest the brief mobile PACE intervention has potential to address risky drinking, but more intensive pregaming-focused efforts may be necessary to achieve stronger and lasting effects among college students. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Longitudinal associations between descriptive and injunctive norms on college drinking.

Perceived norms of drinking prevalence (descriptive norms) and approval (injunctive norms) are among the most robust predictors of college student drinking, but the dynamic fluctuations of these relationships over time are less understood. We examined longitudinal associations of descriptive and injunctive norms on alcohol consumption, disaggregating within-person fluctuations from between-person associations. Participants were 593 heavy drinking college students who completed measures of perceived descriptive and injunctive norms and drinking at baseline, one month, three months, six months, and 12 months. Longitudinal multilevel model analyses revealed that, at the between-person level, only descriptive norms predicted drinking. In contrast, both descriptive and injunctive norms at the within-person level predicted weekly drinking. The findings are the first to examine between- and within-person effects of descriptive and injunctive norms simultaneously on drinking and suggest that future college drinking interventions using normative influence would benefit from recognizing and incorporating within-person fluctuations in perceived norms.

From if-then to here and now: Using personalized counterfactuals from past negative experiences to reduce future alcohol consequences.

College students are at an increased risk for problematic alcohol use. To address this health concern, several interventions have used protective behavioral strategies (PBS). However, interventions promoting PBS remain underdeveloped and underutilized. Counterfactual thinking is a type of postmortem cognitive strategy that highlights causal links between a behavior and a negative outcome. Recent research demonstrates the effectiveness of applying counterfactuals for increasing PBS use intentions. The present study examines the effect of a brief counterfactual-based intervention for increasing PBS use and decreasing adverse alcohol outcomes. Undergraduate students (n = 73) completed an online multiweek (baseline and five weekly follow-ups) intervention. At baseline, participants completed demographics, PBS use, and alcohol use and consequences. They were then randomly assigned to one of three conditions: a control (negative event only), sham (negative event with detailed description), or counterfactual (If only … then …) condition. At weekly follow-up sessions, participants completed PBS use and alcohol use and consequences from the previous week. The counterfactual condition was presented with their counterfactuals generated at baseline. Relative to the active control, the counterfactual condition reported greater use of PBS across the five-week follow-ups. This in turn resulted in decreases in alcohol consumed and alcohol-related consequences. This study highlights the effectiveness of counterfactual thinking as a relevant harm-reduction strategy for alcohol-related outcomes in college students. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Drinking to cope and coping strategies in Deaf/Hard of hearing college students.

INTRODUCTION: Deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) students experience unique stressors as a minority linguistic and cultural group that may contribute to problematic substance and alcohol use behavior. Proper coping strategies may be one protective factor to avoid reliance on alcohol as a means to reduce stress. METHODS: The current study compared the endorsement of coping strategies by DHH students and hearing individuals and their relationship to drinking to cope behavior. Data was collected among DHH (n = 126) and hearing students (n = 349) at a large university. RESULTS: While these two groups did not differ in their levels of problematic drinking behavior, there were differences observed in drinking to cope motives as well as in the levels of coping styles used. DHH students were found to endorse greater levels of emotion-oriented and task-oriented coping than hearing students. Drinking to cope motivations were also higher for DHH students, particularly those who endorsed greater emotion focused coping. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions and educational efforts involving coping skills is a potentially important area of focus for the DHH student population. Further implications for understanding drinking behavior in this population are discussed.

Predicting alcohol use with subjective and objective measures of cognitive function in healthy college students.

Objective: The current study examined the association between subjective and objective cognitive measures and alcohol use in college students. Objective cognitive impairment is associated with alcohol use, however subjective cognitive impairment remains understudied in at-risk populations. Participants: Data were collected from 140 undergraduate students at a mid-sized private university. Methods: We used the Behavior Rating Inventory for Executive Function-Adult (BRIEF-A) and the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Task (ROCF) as our subjective and objective measures of cognitive functioning respectively. Results: In our regression model, the BRIEF-A was significantly associated with the AUDIT in college students such that more poorly perceived cognitive functioning predicted higher degrees of problematic drinking. However, the relationship between the ROCF and drinking was less clear. Conclusions: Our study shows that perception of one's cognitive functioning is related to alcohol use and may be a potential risk factor for hazardous drinking in college students. Our results also suggest that subjective functioning is more strongly related to alcohol use than objective functioning, however further research is needed to replicate our results.

The role of positive affect in the association between stress and college student alcohol use.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations among stress, positive affect, binge drinking, and coping drinking motives. PARTICIPANTS: Students (n = 351, Mage=19.7, 74.6% female) at a northeastern public university. METHODS: Participants completed an online survey assessing perceived stress, frequency of experiencing positive emotions, frequency of binge drinking, and coping drinking motives. RESULTS: Stress and positive emotions were not significantly related to frequency of binge drinking but were significantly correlated with coping motives for drinking. Regression analyses with all predictors, age, and gender in the model revealed the same: stress and positive emotion were not significantly related to binge drinking but were significantly related to coping motives. The interaction between stress and positive emotions predicting frequency of binge drinking or coping motives was nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest the utility of exploring positive emotions in risk and resilience research focused on college student drinking and of targeting positive emotions to decrease students' coping-related alcohol use.

Food-restricted alcohol consumption: relation to psychopathology in college students.

Objective: Food-restricted alcohol consumption (FRAC) is a growing concern among college students. We investigated demographic and lifestyle characteristics and psychiatric symptoms associated with FRAC. Participants: College students (n = 561) at a large southeastern university in the United States. Methods: Participants completed online self-reported questionnaires assessing past-year FRAC, demographic and lifestyle characteristics, and psychiatric symptoms. Results: The past-year prevalence of FRAC was 23.89%. In the bivariate analyses, students engaging in FRAC had higher mean scores of multiple psychiatric symptoms, reported more harmful or hazardous drinking and suicidality, and were more likely to report a history of an eating disorder than their peers without FRAC. In a hierarchical regression model, binge eating, cognitive restraint, self-reported history of an eating disorder, and harmful or hazardous drinking were significantly associated with FRAC (ps < 0.05) after other psychiatric symptoms were included in the model. Conclusion: Our findings stress the importance of heightened awareness of FRAC in college.

A comprehensive examination of motivational profiles for alcohol-related behaviors among college students.

Recent research demonstrates unique relations of types of motivation for drinking responsibly based on self-determination theory and drinking motives with alcohol-related outcomes among college students. In the present study, we sought to extend prior research by using a person-centered approach to simultaneously consider types of motivation within and across these motivational constructs as well as their synergistic relations with alcohol-related outcomes. We used cross-sectional survey data from 2,808 college students at 10 universities in eight states across the United States who reported past-month alcohol use (Mage = 20.59, SD = 4.18; 72.9% female; 58.2% non-Hispanic White). A series of latent profile analyses were conducted using types of motivation for drinking responsibly and drinking motives as indicators. A five-profile solution was selected as optimal. Mean comparisons indicated that profiles defined by high endorsement of higher quality motivations for drinking responsibly (i.e., more self-determined) and low endorsement of drinking motives in combination were related to the most frequent protective behavioral strategies use, least alcohol use, and fewest negative alcohol-related consequences. Additionally, these profiles were higher on dispositional autonomy and psychological need satisfaction and lower on psychological need frustration. These findings provide initial insight into simultaneously considering motivational profiles for the interrelated behaviors of drinking responsibly and drinking that can be leveraged in college drinking interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Influencia del entorno en el consumo de alcohol en jóvenes: Un estudio utilizando concept mapping con estudiantes universitarios / Understanding how alcohol environment influences youth drinking: A concept mapping study among university students

El objetivo del estudio fue identificar los factores del entorno que influyen en el consumo de alcohol según la perspectiva de estudiantes universitarios, y evaluar la importancia y la frecuencia atribuida a cada factor. Se utilizó la metodología del Concept Mapping con una muestra de estudiantes de enfermería, que participaron en dos sesiones de recogida de datos. En la sesión 1, se obtuvo un consenso sobre los aspectos del entorno que influyen en su consumo de alcohol. En la sesión 2, los ítems obtenidos se clasificaron en función de la importancia y la frecuencia de estos factores en el consumo de alcohol (1 = mínimo; 5 = máximo). Todos los datos se analizaron con el RCMAP del paquete estadístico R 3.6.1.Alrededor de 60 estudiantes participaron en cada sesión. La mayoría eran mujeres de 20 a 24 años. En la sesión 1, se obtuvieron un total de 55 ítems que fueron clasificados en 7 grupos: Publicidad (9 ítems); Ambiente familiar (4 ítems); Presión social (12 ítems); Responsabilidades/normas (4 ítems); Vacaciones y tiempo libre (7 ítems); Situaciones emocionales (8 ítems); Accesibilidad (11 ítems). Los factores relacionados con la presión social, las vacaciones y el tiempo libre y la accesibilidad del alcohol, fueron considerados los más importantes y frecuentes en el consumo de alcohol. Contrariamente, la publicidad del alcohol fue considerada el factor menos importante (media 2,6 sobre 5) y frecuente (media 2,1 sobre 5). En conclusión, los factores considerados más relevantes entre los estudiantes coinciden con los que se destinan más recursos para la prevención y la promoción de la salud, a excepción de la publicidad del alcohol, que se percibió como menos importante y frecuente comparado con los otros factores. (AU)

The aim of the study was to identify the environmental factors that influence alcohol consumption, according to university students, and assess the relative importance and the frequency attributed to each factor. A study using Concept Mapping methodology was performed with a sample of nursing students, who participated in two face-to-face data collection sessions. In session 1, a consensus about the environmental aspects that influence their alcohol consumption was obtained. In session 2, the statements obtained were rated according to their relative importance and frequency in alcohol use (1 = minimum; 5 = maximum). Subsequently, all data were analyzed with the RCMAP of the statistical package R 3.6.1.Approximately 60 students participated in each session. Most were women aged 20 to 24. In session 1, a total of 55 statements were obtained and classified into 7 different clusters: Advertising (9 statements); Family environment (4 statements); Social pressure (12 statements); Responsibilities/norms (4 statements); Holidays and leisure time (7 statements); Emotional situations (8 statements); Accessibility (11 statements). Factors related to social pressure, holidays and leisure time, and alcohol accessibility were considered the most important and frequent in alcohol consumption. In contrast, alcohol advertising was considered the least important (mean 2.6 out of 5) and frequent (mean 2.1 out 5) factor. In conclusion, the factors considered most relevant among nursing students match those having more resources allocated for prevention and health promotion, except for alcohol advertising, which was perceived as less important and frequent compared with the other factors. (AU)

Percepción del consumo de alcohol propio y de allegados en universitarios de primer curso como predictor del consumo a 10 años / Own and others’ perceived drinking among freshmen as predictors of alcohol consumption over 10 years

El consumo percibido por los jóvenes de sus allegados puede afectar a las expectativas respecto al consumo de alcohol y de este modo, a su propio consumo. El objetivo del estudio ha sido identificar la capacidad predictiva de la percepción de consumo de alcohol propio y de los allegados al inicio del periodo universitario, en los patrones de consumo observados a lo largo de 10 años de seguimiento. Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio de cohortes en universitarios en España (n=1.382). Consumo Intensivo de Alcohol(CIA) y Consumo de Riesgo de alcohol (CRA) se midieron con el Test de Identificación de los Trastornos debidos al Uso de Alcohol (AUDIT) a los18, 20, 22, 24 y 27 años. Se calcularon las Odds Ratios (ORs) con regresión logística multinivel para medidas repetidas. Los universitarios percibían bajo o nulo consumo de alcohol de sus familiares y mayor de sus amigos. Percibir mayor consumo de sus hermanos y amigos aumentó el riesgo de CIA en ambos géneros y de CRA en mujeres. Vivir fuera del domicilio familiar aumentó el riesgo de ambos patrones. En conclusión, la percepción del consumo de alcohol de amigos a los 18-19 años resultó la variable más influyente para el CIA en ambos géneros y el CRA en mujeres a lo largo de 10 años de seguimiento. El consumo de alcohol de los padres al inicio del periodo universitario parece no afectar a los patrones de consumo practicados durante la juventud, una vez se ajusta por el consumo de amigos y hermanos. Vivir en el domicilio familiar actúa como factor protector. Las medidas preventivas en los jóvenes deben tener un enfoque contextual incluyendo a sus allegados. (AU)

The alcohol use perceptions young people have of those close to them canaffect their expectations regarding alcohol and, thus, their own drinking. Weaim to identify the predictive ability of own and significant others’ perceiveddrinking at age 18-19 in the alcohol use patterns at 27-28. A cohort study wascarried out among university students in Spain (n=1,382). Binge Drinking(BD) and Risky Consumption (RC) were measured with the Alcohol UseDisorders Identification Test at ages 18, 20, 22, 24 and 27. Multilevel logisticregression for repeated measures was used to calculate the adjusted OddsRatios (ORs). College students perceive their family’s alcohol consumptionas very low or nothing, while the perception of their own alcohol use orthat of their friends is higher. Perceiving higher alcohol use among theirsiblings and friends increases the risk of BD for both sexes and RC forwomen. Living away from the parental home increases the risk of RC andBD. In conclusion, the perception of their friend’s alcohol use at age 18-19is the most influential variable in BD among both sexes and in RC amongmen throughout 10 years of follow-up. Parental alcohol consumption doesnot affect college student drinking patterns when friends and siblings areconsidered. Living with one’s family acts as a protective factor. Preventivemeasures focused on young people should take a contextual approach andinclude those closest to them. (AU)

Social Anxiety and Pre-Party Motives Are Associated With Alcohol-Related Negative Consequences During College Students' Most Recent Pre-Party Occasion.

OBJECTIVE: Engaging in hazardous drinking behaviors, such as playing drinking games or pre-partying, is associated with excessive drinking and negative consequences among college students. Pre-partying or playing drinking games often occurs in anticipation of or during social situations. College students with elevated social anxiety who drink to cope with social anxiety symptoms in social settings may be especially vulnerable to drinking more heavily in these contexts and, in turn, experiencing more negative consequences. However, little is known about specific psychosocial factors that may inform the decision of socially anxious individuals to engage in hazardous drinking behaviors. METHOD: The current study used cross-sectional data to test whether social anxiety symptoms and past-year pre-party motives were associated with (a) a greater likelihood of playing drinking games while pre-partying, (b) total alcohol consumption, and (c) consequences during students' most recent drinking occasion during which they pre-partied. RESULTS: Participants were 981 college students (63.5% women, 67.9% White, mean age = 20.1 years, SD = 1.3) who reported on their most recent pre-party drinking occasion. Greater social anxiety symptoms were related to higher past-year interpersonal enhancement and intimate pursuit motives, which in turn were associated with greater alcohol consumption and more negative consequences during the most recent pre-party event. CONCLUSIONS: Although preliminary, results highlight the importance of considering pre-party motives associated with social anxiety and negative drinking consequences among college students.